Setting up a repertoire of Brazilian Portuguese gestures of negation: a cognitive-gestural analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54221/rdtdppglinuesb.2021.v9i1.218Keywords:
Gestures of negation. Multimodality. Recurrent Gestures. Gesture FamiliesAbstract
In recent years, the relationship between gesture studies, Cognitive Linguistics (LC) and multimodality research has been widely discussed, since it is a very productive relationship, both from the theoretical and from the methodological point of view. Taking these interfaces into account, our goal is to build up a Repertoire of Gestures of Negation for Brazilian Portuguese. Thus, from a cognitive-gestural perspective, we intend to analyze the functioning of Gestures of Negation in various communicative contexts of the Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in order to: identify the forms and functions of Gestures of Negation; describe how Gestures of Negation work in the data sample selected for this research; and document the recurrent forms and functions of Gestures of Negation. Recurrent gestures are partially conventionalized and can form Gesture Families, that is, groupings of gestural expressions that have in common one or more kinesic or formational characteristics. Thus, we have selected 53 occurrences of Gestures of Negation from: TED Talks, television newscasts, entertainment shows and televised conversation circles. Ten of those occurrences were taken from four TED Talks available on the YouTube channel “TEDxTalks” an thirty were collected from the multimodal database Distributed Little Red Hen Lab. We also have collected from YouTube, thirteen occurrences of gestures of negation in face-to-face communication contexts, in order to evaluate possible pragmatic uses of these gestures. The YouTube data were collected based on kinesic an formational characteristics of gestures of negations already analyzed in the german and italian languages. The analyses of the data suggest that the Gestures of Negation, in BP, often perform pragmatic functions, that is, they have a relationship with properties of the meaning of a multimodal utterance that are not related either to the referential meaning or to the propositional content of these utterances. Thus, Gestures of Negation can work as markers of the ilocutionary force of an utterance, performing the performative function; as semantic and grammatical operators, performing the operational function; providing a interpretational frame, performing the modal function, and as markers of spoken discourse, performing the parsing function.
Metrics
References
AUSTIN, John L. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962
BARBOSA, Adriana Fernandes. Cognição em (inter)ação: Uma análise multimodal do ensino de verbos separáveis e inseparáveis em aulas de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira. 2020. Tese (Doutorado em Estudos Linguísticos) – Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos. Belo Horizonte, 2020.
BARROS, Isabela Barbosa Do Rêgo; FONTE, Renata Fonseca Lima Da. Estereotipias motoras e linguagem: aspectos multimodais da Negação no autismo. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 01 Dez. 2016, Vol.16(4), pp.745-763
BRESSEM, Jana. A linguistic perspective on the notation of form features in gestures. In: MÜLLER; Cornelia; CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva H.; MCNEILL, David &TEßENDORF, Sedinha (Orgs.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2013, p. 1079-1098.
BRESSEN, Jana; LADEWIG, Silva; MÜLLER, Cornelia. Linguistic Annotation System for Gestures. In: MÜLLER; Cornelia; CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva H.; MCNEILL, David & TEßENDORF, Sedinha (Orgs.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2013, p. 1098–1124.
BRESSEM, Jana; MÜLLER, Cornelia. A repertoire of German recurrent gestures with pragmatic functions. In: MÜLLER, Cornelia, CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva; MCNEILL, David; BRESSEM, Jana (Eds.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 2, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014, p. 1575-1591.
BRESSEM, Jana; MÜLLER, Cornelia. The family of Away gestures. In MÜLLER, Cornelia, CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva; MCNEILL, David; BRESSEM, Jana (Eds.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 2, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014, p. 1592-1604.
BRESSEM, Jana; MÜLLER, Cornelia. The “Negative-Assessment-Construction”: A multimodal pattern based on a recurrent gesture?. Linguistics Vanguard. Vol.3. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2017.
BRESSEM, Jana.; STEIN, Nicole.; WEGENER, Claudia. Structuring and highlighting speech: Discursive functions of holding away gestures in Savosavo. GESPIN 4, Nantes. 2015. Disponível em: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195646. Acesso em: 27 maio 2020.
CABRAL, Ana Lúcia Tinoco. Negação, intersubjetividade e polifonia: estudo de caso em processos civis. Letras de Hoje, Vol.51(1), pp.55-64, 01 Jan. 2016.
CAVALCANTE, Rerisson. De constituintes não-oracionais: diferenças paramétricas. Revista Linguística, [s. l.], v. 12(2), p. 61-86, 1 dez. 2016.
CAVALCANTE, Rerisson; SIMIONI, Leonor. Capaz como marcador negativo enfático no dialeto gaúcho. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem, Vol.27(2), p.669-700, 01 Fev. 2019
CHAFE, Wallace. Discourse, consciousness, and time; the flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing. Chicago Press, 1994, p. 53-70.
CIENKI, Alan. Image Schemas and Gestures. In: HAMPE, Beate; GRADY, Joseph. (Eds.). From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics. Berlim, New York: Mounton de Gruyter, 2005, p. 421-442.
CIENKI, Alan. Cognitive Linguistics: Spoken language and gesture as expressions of conceptualization. In: MÜLLER; Cornelia; CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva H.; MCNEILL, David &TEßENDORF, Sedinha (Orgs.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2013, p. 182-201
CIENKI, Alan. Cognitive Linguistics, gesture studies, and multimodal communication. Cognitive Linguistics, 2016, p. 603-618
DANCYGIER, Barbara. Negation, stance verbs, and intersubjectivity. In Dancygier, Barbara; Sweetser, Eve (eds.) Viewpoint in Language: a multimodal perspective, 2012, p. 69–93.
DANCYGIER, Barbara. SWEETSER, Eve. Figurative Language. University Press. 2014.
FAUCONNIER, Gilles. Mental Spaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994.
FAUCONNIER, Gilles.; TURNER, Mark. The Way We Tthink: conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
FAUCONNIER, Gilles.; TURNER, Mark. Conceptual blending: form and meaning. Rechercher en communniacation, n. 19, 2003.
FAUCONNIER, Gilles. Mental Spaces. In: GEERAERTS, Dirk.; CUYCKENS, Hubert. (eds) The Oxford Hanbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 351-376.
FERRARI, Lilian. Deixis and multiple blends: the role of recursion in meaning Construction. Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture. Maringá, v. 38, n. 2, p. 153-159, 2016.
FONSECA, Hely Dutra Cabral Da. Concordância negativa (cn) e a estrutura [v neg] no PB. A cor das letras, [s. l.], v. 4(1), p. 39-56, 1 maio 2017.
GaLDNADEL, Marcos; PETRY, Paloma. Função pragmática de retorno a tópico em enunciados de dupla Negação: evidências a partir de dados da cidade de Curitiba
Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos, Vol.59(2), pp.397-418, 01 Set. 2017.
ILIE, Cornelia. Semi-institutional discourse: The case of talk shows. Journal of Pragmatics 33. 2001, p. 209-254.
KERBRAT ORECCHIONI, Catherine. Análise da Conversação: princípios e métodos. Parábola: São Paulo, 2006.
KENDON, Adam. Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004.
KENDON, Adam. Pragmatic functions of gestures: Some observations on the history of their study and their nature. Gesture 16:2, doi 10.1075/gest.16.2.01ken. 2016, p. 157–175.
KRIEKEN, Kobie van; SWEETSER, Eve. Linguistic and cognitive representation of time and viewpoint in narrative discourse. Cognitive Linguistics , DOI: 10.1515/cog-2018-0107, 2019, p. 1-9.
LADEWIG, Silva H.. Recurrent gestures. . In: MÜLLER, Cornelia, CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva; MCNEILL, David; BRESSEM, Jana (Eds.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 2, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014, p. 1558-1574.
LANGACKER, RONALD, W. Cognitive Grammar: A Basic Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 259-296.
MARQUES, Norma Barbosa Novaes; PEZATTI, Erotilde Goreti. O estatuto de nem na gramática do português. Scripta, Vol.20(38), 2016, p.168-185.
MCNEILL, David. Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought Chicago: Chicago University Press. 1992.
MÜLLER, Cornelia. Gestures as a medium of expression: The linguistic potential of gestures. In: MÜLLER; Cornelia; CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva H.; MCNEILL, David & TEßENDORF, Sedinha (Orgs.). Body – Language - Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2013, p. 202-217.
MÜLLER, Cornelia; LADEWIG, Silva H.; BRESSEM, Jana. Gestures and speech from a linguistic perspective: A new field and its history. In: MÜLLER; Cornelia; CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva H.; MCNEILL, David &TEßENDORF, Sedinha (Orgs.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2013, p. 55-81.
MÜLLER, Cornelia. Gesture as “deliberate expressive movement. In: SEYFEDDINIPUR, Mandana; GULLBERG, Marianne (Orgs.). From Gesture in Conversation to Visible Action as Utterance, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014, p. 127-147.
MÜLLER, Cornelia. Methods for Gesture Analysis (MGA). Disciplina Gestik im politischen Diskurs. Frankfurt (Oder): Europa-Universität Viadrina, abril a julho de 2019. Material fornecido pela docente.
NUNES, Érica Krachefski Barbisan. Negação: um olhar semântico-argumentativo sobre os morfemas a-, i- e des-. 2015. Tese (Doutorado), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2015.
PAYRATÓ, Lluís.; TEßENDORF, Sedinha. Pragmatic Gestures. In: MÜLLER, Cornelia, CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva; MCNEILL, David; BRESSEM, Jana (Eds.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 2, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014, p. 1531-1539.
PINHEIRO, Hayat. Uma análise cognitiva do dêitico “aqui” em dados multimodais. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Vitória da Conquista, 2017.
PROENÇA, Paulo Sérgio de. “Não sou racista, mas...”: motivações linguísticas da proverbial retórica à brasileira para a Negação do racismo. A Cor das Letras, Vol.18(2), p.336-344, 01 Dez. 2017.
SEARLE, John R. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
SEIXAS, Vivian; ALKMIN, Monica. Negação sentencial em textos setecentistas e oitocentistas: [NãoVNão] em foco. RevistaLinguística, v. 9(2), 1 jun. 2015.
SELTING, Margret et al. A system for transcribing talk-in-interaction: GAT 2. Tradução de, Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen e Dagmar Barh-Weingarten. Gesprächsforschung - Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion, Mannheim, v.12, 2011, p. 1-51.
SLOETDJES, Han.; WITTENBURGH, Peter. ELAN. Version 5.9, retrievied 20 November 2014 from http://tla.mpi.nl/tools/tla-tools/elan/ by Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Language Archive, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 2008.
SOUSA, Lílian Teixeira de. Sobre Negação e tempo: um estudo de caso sobre o PB. Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos, Vol.60(1), pp.142-158,01 Abril 2018.
STASSI-SÉ, Joceli Catarina; FONTES, Michel Gustavo. Transparência e opacidade nos sistemas de Negação sentencial em línguas indígenas brasileiras. Liames, Vol.17(2), p.283-30501 Nov. 2017,
SWEETSER, Eve. Negative space: levels of negation and kinds of spaces. In BONNEFILLE, Stephanie; SALBAYRE, Sebastien (eds.). Proceedings of the conference “Negation: Form, figure of speech, conceptualization”. Publication du groupe de recherches angloamericaines de l’Universit´e de Tours. Tours: Publications Universitaires François. Rabelais, 2006.
TEßENDORF, Sedinha..Pragmatic and metaphoric: Combining functional with cognitive approaches in the analysis of the brushing aside gesture. In: MÜLLER, Cornelia, CIENKI, Alan; FRICKE, Ellen; LADEWIG, Silva; MCNEILL, David; BRESSEM, Jana (Eds.). Body – Language – Communication. An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction. Volume 2, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014, p. 1540_1557.
TURNER, Mark. Conceptual Integration. In: GEERAERTS, Dirk; CUYCKENS, Hubert. (eds) The Oxford Hanbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 377-393.
